What Is The Difference Between Buenos D%c3%adas And Buen D%c3%ada – The Hawker Siddeley HS 748 is a medium-sized turboprop aircraft originally designed and manufactured by the British aircraft manufacturer Avro. It was the last aircraft developed by Avro before it was acquired by Hawker Siddeley.

The HS 748 was developed in the late 1950s by the company to focus on the civilian and export market. Powered by the popular Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engine, it was specifically designed as a modern airliner to replace the aging Douglas DC-3 in widespread use. Originally intended for a small number of passengers, market research indicated that a seating capacity of around 40 passengers would be optimal for this type. To differentiate the new aircraft from its competitors, it is designed to have high performance, including short take-off and landing (STOL) capabilities and overall robustness. The first flight took place on 24 June 1960 and in 1961 the Series 1 HS 748 was used for review service.

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After entering service, the HS 748 found a niche in the short-haul market. Several different models of regional aircraft are under development. General improvements include the introduction of more powerful Dart engines and higher overall weight. Perhaps the most notable variant was the HS 780 Andover, a dedicated troop transport model developed for the Royal Air Force (RAF).

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By 1988, the year the type ceased production, 380 aircraft had been produced between Hawker Siddeley (the Avro’s owner) and the Indian aerospace company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). In the 1990s, a larger, extended development of the HS 748, the BAe ATP, was developed and attempted to compete with market leaders such as the de Havilland Canada Dash 8 and ATR 42, but saw limited sales before production ceased.

After the publication of the Defense White Paper from 1957, in which Defense Minister Duncan Sandys announced the suspension of almost all manned military aircraft, aircraft manufacturer Avro decided to focus more on the civilian market. Two years ago, the company launched the Avro Tudor series of civil aircraft, but this resulted in meager sales. Therefore, in 1958 it was decided to begin work on a design that would eventually become the HS 748. On 9 January 1959, the existence of the project, called the Avro 748, was announced to the public.

By this time the four-engined Vickers Viscount had already taken a large share of the short-haul market, so Avro decided to design a small regional aircraft powered by two Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engines. The aircraft was expected to be a suitable replacement for the many DC-3 Dakotas that were nearing the end of their commercial lives. According to Flight International aviation magazine, the design team’s primary goal was to build an aircraft that could operate from any airfield where the DC-3 could fly.

The aircraft was designed to be a 20- to 30-seat aircraft, following a similar configuration to its future rival, the Fokker F27 Fridship. However, after discussions with several potential customers, the company settled on a 40-seat low-wing configuration. The latter scheme was chosen for the 748 project. Another important consideration for the future aircraft was compliance with British and American airworthiness standards. As such, it will be the first medium-sized aircraft to incorporate fail-safe design principles rather than common safe-living principles.

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The fuselage had virtually no fixed lifespan; During development, it was successfully tested with a water tank for up to 100,000 flight hours.

Avro was not the only company to recognize the DC-3’s replacement potential, and by this time work was already underway on the 748’s direct competitor, the Dutch-designed F27 Fridship. To differentiate itself from the competition, Avro decided to focus its efforts on a more robust design that would deliver superior short take-off and landing (STOL) performance and allow future aircraft to operate from smaller and more constrained airports, including those without modern runways . Allows operation.

This STOL capability was achieved through several features, including the use of a long, high-lift wing consisting of a unique single-slot flap with a pivoting flap flap at the trailing edge. The wing is attached to the bottom of the fuselage, with a V shape from the base, which provides good overall ground clearance and easy installation of robust landing gear. In operation, the pilots had a choice of three flap settings to select the desired STOL performance.

Another useful feature of the 748 was the design decision to adopt direct systems and use as many proven components as realistically possible.

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To convince the operator, the engine was equipped with an internal ignition system; Various other systems and structures throughout the aircraft are designed to be easy to inspect and repair, even on unprepared runways with limited equipment. As a result of these positive characteristics, the 748 quickly attracted the attention of various airlines, especially those that typically operated in remote areas, due to its ability to operate from short, inaccessible airfields without ground handling equipment and its ability to carry. Weighs over 10,000 pounds to transport.

On 24 June 1960, the first Avro 748 made its maiden flight at the company’s aircraft factory in Woodford, Cheshire.

Flight tests of the two prototypes quickly confirmed the type’s short field performance. Eight Avro 748 Series 1 aircraft were produced; In April 1962, first class aircraft were delivered to launch customer Skyways Coach-Air Limited. However, the majority of Series 1 were export sales to operator Aerolíneas Argtinas.

In the early 1960s, the Avro’s individual identity was erased in the Hawker Siddeley group, where the aircraft was marketed as the HS 748 by the component company.

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After the first batch of Series 1 aircraft were completed, production switched to the improved Series 2. The Series 2 was very similar to its predecessor, notable primarily for the introduction of the more powerful Dart RDa 7 Mk 531 engines and a higher gross weight. According to Flight International aviation magazine, the base price of a new Avro 748 Series 1 in 1960 was £176,000, while the equivalent Avro 748 Series 2 reportedly cost £196,000.

In 1967, the 2A series was introduced, the only basic Mk. was the powered aircraft. 532 engines with a further increase in total weight. Beginning in 1971, several new options were offered to customers, including a larger cargo door in the rear cabin and a reinforced cabin floor. In 1979, the Series 2B was introduced, with a wingspan increased by 4 feet, the introduction of Mk 536-2 engines, a modified passenger cabin and various improvements to the fuel, water-methanol injection system and engine fires. Security systems.

In 1976, Hawker Siddeley Manchester sales manager Eric Johnson stated that the company was investigating the possibility of fitting the HS 748 with turbofan engines, the engine of choice at the time being the Rolls-Royce/SNECMA M45H. As used on VFW Fokker 614 jets.

Other changes would have been made, including the addition of elevator dampers and adaptive brakes for better landing performance, while the electrical, hydraulic and air conditioning systems were redesigned. Dihedrals should be introduced externally to keep the tail plane jet away from the exhaust. It was believed that the new aircraft could offer a larger seating arrangement of up to 64 seats.

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In addition to the British production line, the 748 was also produced overseas. India had already ordered this type.

Both the 748 Series 1 and 748 Series 2 were produced under license by the Indian manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL). The aircraft produced by this company was designated HAL-748. On 1 November 1961, HAL-748, the first Indian-made aircraft, made its maiden flight.

By the end of production, HAL had completed 89 Indian-built aircraft, of which 72 were delivered to the Indian Air Force and 17 to the national carrier, Indian Airlines.

The HS 748 was primarily intended for the civilian market, with many examples sold to military customers worldwide. Hawker Siddeley used this design as the basis for the HS 780 Andover, which was developed and produced for the Royal Air Force. Design-wise, the HS 780 was largely identical to the 748, differing primarily in a redesigned rear fuselage and tailplane, a larger rear loading ramp, and Scott main landing gear to better facilitate the loading of large cargo.

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In 1988, production of the HS 748 ceased, and the last British-built aircraft made its maiden flight on 1 December of that year.

During the production period of the type, according to BAE Systems, Hawker Sidley’s successor company