Do We Live In Different Worlds – I first heard his name last month in Montgomery, Alabama. At the top of the mountain is the National Peace and Justice Memorial, or ‘Lynch Monument’ as locals call it. It opened last spring. Great site.
About 800 rusty steel rectangles the size and shape of coffins are named after the more than 4,000 African-American men, women and children who stood in line from 1877 to 1950 simply because of the color of their skin. hanging, hanging from the ceiling. This is a story that was never taught in school.
Do We Live In Different Worlds
“Jesse Thornton was arrested in 1940 in Luverne, Alabama, for talking to a white police officer without the title ‘sir.’’ “Caleb Gadley was arrested in 1894 in Bowling Green, Kentucky, for walking behind the wife of a white employee. Tied up: “John Griggs was hanged and burned . . . in Newton, Texas, in 1934, after being accused of “collaborating with a white woman.”
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This memorial, along with the nearby Legacy Museum, was established by the Equal Justice Initiative, a non-profit founded in 1989 by Bryan Stevenson, whom I had never heard of.
I googled him, watched his TED talk, read his book “Just Mercy”, and watched the documentary “13th”. And then I went home after the holidays and what do you know? Stevenson was speaking at Symphony Hall that night as part of the Boston Speaker Series.
I went and talked to him the next day and towards the end of our conversation I thought about Mother Teresa. “One person at a time,” he said, is the way to save people. This is how Brian Stevenson saves people. in turn.
Stevenson said the lawyers saved his life. Born in southern Delaware in 1959, he grew up poor and attended “colored” schools until lawyers forced his town to comply with federal law. Although he was a good student, he did not find his passion until he was 23, when he entered law school and met a death row inmate. The man was around that age. They talked for three hours.
The Habitable Zone
What still drives him is the hope and promise of righting wrongs. A man sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit. Children weighing less than 100 kg are sentenced to life imprisonment by adults. Instead of receiving diagnosis and treatment, a woman with intellectual disability was punished.
The United States is the country with the highest number of men, women and children in prison in the world, Stevenson told the audience. In the 1970s, 300,000 people were imprisoned. Today there are 2.3 million. More than 50% of inmates and prisons have been diagnosed with a mental illness. From 1980 to 2010, the number of women increased by 646%.
From 1990 to 2005, a new prison was opened every 10 days to accommodate millions of prisoners.
Stevenson, a recipient of the MacArthur Foundation’s “Genius Grant,” donated every penny of his $300,000 award to EJI. Why the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that sentencing children under 17 to life in prison is unconstitutional. And the man who called Nobel Peace Prize winner Desmond Tutu ‘America’s young Nelson Mandela.’
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Stevenson’s work is about connecting these worlds. “The greatest evil of American slavery was not involuntary servitude, but the racial differences we created to legalize slavery,” he said. That of a free person. This declaration of the decline in human value has been a theme that has been repeated in various ways and words since 1788.
Stevenson’s work with the poor, the incarcerated, and the disenfranchised, his work with EJI, his books, interviews, and speeches are all about changing that story. “Love is the motive, but justice is the tool.” Stevenson begins “Just Mercy” with a quote from Reinhold Niebuhr.
Love for men – all men, women, children, living and dead – and it is a matter of justice. This is Brian Stevenson’s superpower. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. That’s how it works.
An artist’s impression of three types of habitable planets: a planet made up mostly of Earth; A planet with a good mix of land and sea, like Earth. It’s an ocean planet with almost no land. (Image: Europlanet 2024 RI/T. Roger.)
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An Earth-like planet, with about 30% of its surface covered by open continents, may make up just 1% of the rocky worlds in its star’s habitable zone (the region around a star that may contain liquid water), according to a new study. The surface of the planet. . In contrast, about 80% of potentially habitable worlds are completely dominated by land, and about 20% are worlds made up entirely of oceans, the study found.
The researchers reached this conclusion by modeling the relationship between water in the planet’s mantle and planetary recycling of continental land through plate tectonics.
“We Earthlings enjoy a balance between land and sea on our planet,” Tilman Spohn, executive director of the International Science Institute in Switzerland and a member of the research team, said in a statement. “It’s similar to ours, but our modeling shows that this is very unlikely to happen.”
The results show that Earth’s land-to-sea ratio (1:3) is well balanced, and for most of the planet this ratio can exceed most of the land or sea. Spohn and his colleague Dennis Höning, a postdoctoral researcher at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, concluded that the most likely time for this level of compression to occur is when the planet’s interior cools to near Earth’s mantle temperature. It can be as hot as 2,570 degrees Fahrenheit (1,410 degrees Celsius) near the crust and as hot as 6,700 degrees Fahrenheit (3,700 degrees Celsius) at depth. How well subduction zones at the boundaries between tectonic plates can circulate water above Earth at these healthy temperatures will determine whether the planet will be dominated by land or oceans.
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The Earth reached these conditions in late antiquity, about 2.5 billion years ago, and our planet found the delicate balance in which we live today. But after billions of years, even Earth’s delicate balance may become unstable, but we don’t know it because the rate of change is small, Spohn said. Other planets may have reached this compression point much earlier.
“In the engine of Earth’s plate tectonics, internal heat drives geological activity such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building, and drives the growth of continents,” Spohn said. On the other hand, “land erosion is part of a series of cycles that exchange water between the atmosphere and interior. Our numerical model of how these cycles interact shows that today’s Earth may be a separate planet. .”
Spohn and Höning also looked at other factors, such as how consumption of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) contributes to the carbon-silicate cycle, which acts as the Earth’s long-term thermostat, maintaining climate regulation for millions of years. They discovered that planets dominated by land and sea may still be habitable with similar temperatures and all other conditions being equal, but their shapes may not be life-like and their climates may be completely different from Earth’s.
The model showed that oceanic planets with less than 10% warm landmass would likely have moist atmospheres and tropical climates, while worlds with less than 30% of their surfaces covered by cooler, drier, harsher land would dominate. dominant opponent. On this land-dominated planet, cold deserts would extend across the continents, and large glaciers and ice sheets would be common.
Pdf) Do We Live In Different Worlds Or Just Describe Things Differently? Neither, Not Quite: A Theory Of Worlds
However, Spohn and Höning’s results differ slightly from those of other research groups. For example, research by Evelyn MacDonald at the University of Toronto found that in a tidally locked world, as mentioned earlier, more landmass means a higher overall average surface temperature. And perhaps the most famous study of terrestrial planets, led by Yutaka Abe of the University of Tokyo in 2011, found that terrestrial planets can live at much greater distances from their stars than water worlds and do not refreeze as quickly. This is because there is less water to hold the ice and snow. But Abe’s study, like others, agrees with Spohn and Höning’s conclusion that Earth-dominated planets would be much more common than Earth-like or water-filled planets.
As a result, instead of looking for Carl Sagan’s ‘pale blue dot’, astronomers must look for regions where ‘pale yellow dots’ may reside.
The results of this study were presented at the European Science Congress held in Granada, Spain from September 18th to 23rd, and the conclusions were described in the team’s conference abstract.
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John Searle Quote: “we Do Not Live In Several Different, Or Even Two Different, Worlds, A Mental World And A Physical World, A Scientific Wo…”
Keith Cooper is a British science journalist and freelance editor.
